By 1947, after two centuries of British rule, it had decreased six-fold. In the eighteenth century, Indias share of the world economy was as large as Europes. laying bare the grim, and high, cost of the British Empire for its former subjects. Tharoors impassioned polemic slices straight to the heart of the darkness that drives all empires. This alternative, based on the results of a recent pilot for the BPL Census and which takes on board the concerns of its detractors, can be a way forward to a universal NFSA.The Sunday Times Top 10 bestseller on Indias experience of British colonialism, by the internationally-acclaimed author and diplomat Shashi Tharoor While presenting a critique of some of the assumptions made by these two proposals, this paper also offers an alternative which is near universal and feasible without using below poverty line targeting that has proved to be a colossal failure. This paper argues that a universal nfsa is not only desirable, it is also a more efficient and feasible way to ensure food security for all. constraints set by foodgrain procurement and management. Both these proposals agree on the desirability of a universal nfsa but finally propose targeting at the poor as defined by the Tendulkar Committee. A government-appointed committee (the Rangarajan Committee) has also given its response to these proposals.
The National Advisory Council has given its final proposals on the proposed National Food Security Act. We will conclude with some suggestions on ways in which to correct the problems created by market reforms and to move towards education which is relevant to the social and developmental needs of Africa. We claim that as long as local knowledge is not included, Africa will not develop on its own terms. Africa’s knowledge has been omitted from standard education curriculum.
The educational system is not contributing adequately to the development of Africa’s human capabilities. Africa is the only continent in which the illiteracy rates are the highest in the world. related to decreasing educational quality and increasing drop out rates.
We will show how increasing social inequity and poverty are. The paper will critically analyze the reasons why the reforms have been inefficient. In this paper we will illustrate the ways in which these reforms have been negative rather than positive for African education. There has been an educational reform in Africa which has included an opening of educational systems to market liberalization.
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